Federal Pacific Electric (FPE) "Stab-Lok" panels & breakers
Federal Pacific Electric
- How to identify it
- Look for a "Federal Pacific Electric" or "FPE" label on the panel door or inside the cabinet, and breakers marked "Stab-Lok." Common in homes and buildings wired from roughly the 1950s through the 1980s. The breaker handles are often red-tipped.
- The defect
- Independent testing has found that many Stab-Lok breakers can fail to trip on an overload or short circuit, and some do not stay reliably connected to the bus bar.
- Safety risk
- A breaker that won't trip leaves a circuit unprotected, allowing wiring to overheat — a documented fire hazard. The problem is with the equipment itself, so it can exist even when nothing looks wrong.
- Why it can shut a business down
- Because this is a known hazard, an inspector, insurer, or authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) may require the panel be replaced. For a commercial building that can mean a failed inspection or a hold on occupancy until the panel is swapped.
Note on recall status: FPE Stab-Lok equipment was the subject of a CPSC investigation in the early 1980s that closed without a formal recall, and later class-action litigation. It is not a currently recalled product, but the failure-to-trip concern is widely documented and many home inspectors, electricians, and insurers flag these panels. Treat it as a “have it evaluated” item, not a guaranteed defect in every unit.
If you have an FPE Stab-Lok panel, the safe path is an evaluation by a licensed electrician and, in most cases, replacement with a modern panel. We can assess the panel and provide options.